Micro TiddlyWiki - A WikiWeb of definitions & thoughts on Microlearning, Microknowledge and related subjects

To navigate in this web of thoughts you can begin with any term marked as a link, from within the entries as well as from the navigation bar at the right. Or you can go to the [[Table of Contents]] to get an idea of the more structured side of this hypertext, or look at the [[Index]] for keywords.\n\nWe will update the MicroWiki regularly. Go to [[Contribute!]] if you'd like to take part in the process. \n\nDifferent from usual wikis like Wikipedia, this can at present not be done directly. If you move the mouse over the text, you can edit the text, but the changes will not be directly saved to the server. To save your personal text changes, download the whole wiki-text (click on "Save Changes" in the right bar). \n\nThe ingenious TiddlWiki software used here is a client-side wiki: It really is just a HTML file with some dynamic javascript. In the wider sense it belongs to the rapidly growing context of dynamic, user-centred and [[Microcontent]]-based [[Web 2.0]] applications. And this context is of special relevance for the notion of [[Microlearning]] and [[Microknowledge]].

Email address: checketts [at] gmail -dot- com\n\nClint is a student at BYU-Idaho studying Information Systems.

The MicroWiki is meant as a collaborative project. If you want do contribute or discuss the wiki's content, please leave a comment on the MicroBlog or mail to [[conferenceATmicrolearning.org]]. Contributions will be included in the next updated version of the MicroWiki (at least every two weeks).\n\nA [[Wiki]] is a special piece of software that makes creating and updating hypertext extremely easy and intuitive. If you have visited [wikipedia | http://en.wikipedia.org]], as you should, you know that 'classical' wikis can be updated online on-the-fly, in principle by anyone.\n\nThe TiddlyWiki-technology this MicroWiki is using is different, because it is not a server-side wiki. There is no database behind it: just Javascript and CSS packed into oine single HTML file. You can change and expand your own MicroWiki (or begin a TiddlyWiki of your own on any subject), but to do this you have to download the file to your computer first (see SaveChanges).\n\n

HelloThere\n[[Microlearning]]\n[[Microcontent]]\n\n

This is the MicroWiki: A dynamic, permanently updated resource for all subjects, concepts and phenomena\nrelated to [[Microlearning]]. Just explore it by clicking on the links or looking at the TableofContent. \nIf you need help, go to [[How to use this site]]\n\nThe MicroWiki is a growing web of collaborative thoughts, made out of short chunks of hypertext (>> [[Microcontent]]), containing definitions, thoughts, outlines, discussions, including links to web resources. A semantic space and a work in progress, regularly updated. \n\nIf you want to take part in the process, click on [[Contribute!]]. More informations about this site and the TiddlyWiki software behind it at [[About MicroWiki]].

The experience of reading / using a TiddlyWiki might take some minutes to get used to it.\nBasically you are composing and rearranging your own screen text by adding or closing entries (called "tiddlers"). The latest link opens at the top, already opened ones sink to the bottom.\n\nClick on [[bold links]] to read a linked tiddler. [[Italic links]] within tiddlers point to a tiddler not written yet. \n\nWhen you hover the mouse over a tiddler several Toolbar Buttons appear. You can edit the MicroWiki text of any tiddler by double-clicking on it, but the changes you see at your screen won't get saved permanently on the server. To write your own contributions into the text, you will have to make a local copy to your hard disk as described in SaveChanges.

//This rearranges the mainMenu\nvar rightSidebar = document.getElementById('sidebar');\nrightSidebar.insertBefore(document.getElementById('mainMenu'),document.getElementById('sidebarTabs'));\n

Knowledge ...\n\n... a working definition of K. is quite a complicated task. There are many parallel terminologies, discourses and definitions. \n\nThe specific concept of "Knowledge", as used in the context of www.microlearning.org, is relating \n(a) to the context of digital [[Multitasking]] [[Micromedia]] environments, \n(b) to the dicourse centered around [[Knowledge Society]] and [[Knowledge Economy]], \n(c) to didactical and pedagogical theories and considerations. \n\nIn these respects Knowledge can be defined by the following characteristics:\n\n(1) K. is always related to a system that is obtaining, processing or using it: from human individuals to families, groups, organizations, institutions, or whole cultures. \n(2) K. implies a difference system/environment that is perceived by the system itself or by another observing system. Many differing definitions stem from the case in which an external system sees something in another system as K. which is not seen and handled as K. by the system itself.\n(3) K. is result of a modeling process. It implies abstraction: non-identity of the K. itself and its "subject". \n\n(4) K. is not just an addition of informations. It is a system in itself, constituted by elements (informations) and relations (which give the informations meaning).\n(5) K. is semiotic by nature. It implies specific kind of sign systems and sign processes. (This definition point includes specific forms of "implicit" or "tacit knowledge", but excludes motoric [[skills]] which by some are also counted as another form of K..]\n(6) K. is referring to something: It is a dynamic semiotic system that is implying a sort of reference process. K. always makes a difference: It is referring to a "reality" that has a problematic relation with the K. itself. \n\n(7) The reference of K. is not just "things" or "facts". K. is in the first place referring not simply to "reality" or "the world outside", but to practical experiences or actions with positive results for the systemic process. Only in specific circumstances and/or specific cultures such knowledge-related experiences and practices are aimed at or based on concepts of "truth".\n(8) A semiotic model of the world is representing K., if - in the system's perspective - it is successful or "viable" (see [[Constructivism]]). But not the other way round: Success of actions and behavior is not a sufficient condition for speaking of knowledge. \n\n(9) Because it is based on sign processes, K. is externalized and codified. This externalization and codification can be more or less complete. The extreme endpoint would the complete separation from a practical context (e.g. encyclopaedic K., machine processable K. in the [[Semantic Web]]). In practice there are many levels of separation, abstraction and encoding. For example there are narrative or ritual forms of K. that cannot completely be separated from the social process of narration or ritual actions.\n\n(10) Although in principle separable from its practical context, K. is always embedded in a set of cultural practices and cultural sign processes. This is especially true for only partly codified K.: though in some way externalized, it is still tightly connected to a specific situation, an experience etc.\n\n(11) Because it is based on signs, K. can at least potentially be stored, transmitted and re-introduced in different theoretical and practical contexts.\n(12) K. is not a static system but always a dynamic [[Knowledge Process]] with various stages.

[[> HOME / MICROBLOG | http://www.microlearning.org]]\n [[> ML2005 CONFERENCE | http://www.microlearning.org/MicroConf_2005.html]]\n [[> ML2006 CONFERENCE | http://www.microlearning.org/MicroConf_2006.html]]\n! [[]]\n! [[Contribute!]]\n! TableofContent\n! [[Index]]\n! [[Microlearning]]\n! [[Microknowledge]]\n! [[Microcontent]]\n! [[Microcosm]]\n! [[Micro Web 2.0]]\n! [[Micromedia]]\n[[About MicroWiki]]\n[[How to use this site]]\n<<saveChanges>>\n<<search>>\n<<tiddler OptionsSideBar>>\n...\n\n

The new phenomena, practices, technologies and applications that have been very intensively discussed as [[Web 2.0]] since 2004 can be brought to one common denominator: They are based on [[Microcontent]]. In the Microweb / Web 2.0 Microcontent is being produced, managed, put in circulation, semantically enriched, processed, mixed-up, interlinked, and finally used or consumed. Microweb, as it is used here, [[Web 2.0]] and [[metaweb]] are closely related terms.

See >> [[About MicroWiki]]

A (very) small unit of digital information that is self-contained, individually referable/addressable, allowing use/re-use in different loosely structured [[macro-context]]s and [[macro-containers]]. (See also [[content]])\n\n(1) MC is small: It contains a very limited amount of information compared with other forms of cultural “content”. The reasons are physical limitations (screen size, interface complexity: see [[Micromedia]]) and cognitive limitations (limited attention span of PC and Web users, but also of media users in general).\n\n(2) MC is individually referable and addressable: It is defined or at least definable by a set of formally declared metadata (like a specific URL / [[permalink]], a time-stamp, an author name, an IP address, connection data, a subject line, a tag or keyword …). Microcontent is the element that forms the [[metaweb]].\n\n(3) MC is self-contained: It is a unit of information that can stand for itself not only formally (through metadata) but also semantically. It can clearly be separated from its macro-context. It is not locked into a macro-text or -- important for [[Web 2.0]] -- into an application. It is focused around a single idea or small set of related ideas (>> [[meme]]). It is accompanied and defined by explicit or implicit [[metadata]].\n \n(4) MC is reusable and remixable: It is content set free to separate and form new patterns, in the mind of the user, on the screen of a device or within the processing logic of an application. It is “small pieces loosely joined”, enabling new technologies of [[aggregation]] and [[syndication]] and new sociocultural practices (> [[Web 2.0]], [[social software]]). It allows new “fuzzy” forms of texts, new open patterns of sign, new collaborative practices of communication and semiosis. \n\nThis is definition v1.0 (2005/10/02). It is derived from some other important definition attempts (from Anil Dash, Marc Canter, Nova Spivack, Arnaud Leene – see [[Microcontent definitions]] and [[Microcontent links]]. [[Contribute!]]\n

"Microcosm" is used here as a shortcut term for the emerging new digital media environments based on [[Microcontent]]. The more intensive one uses digital media and [[Micromedia]] and digital communication channels the more one is getting immersed in the Microcosm: through e-mails, message boards, SMS and short mobile phone calls, "googling", generally being "in the web", [[multiasking]] ... \n\nIt’s interesting that this digital experience seems to be building on and transforming the modern [[Media]] Experience (newspapers, magazines, radio and tv). The typical form for aggregating microcontent is the “mosaic” – a category McLuhan had introduced to describe the cultural form of the modern urban press that was getting the published “news”, itself in a way chunks of [[Microcontent]], over the telegraph, the very first instance of “electric media” that has even been described as the [[Victorian Internet]].

... is a term used in the context of this site, standing for [[Knowledge]] in digital [[Multitasking]] [[Micromedia]] environments: highly fragmented, distributed and weakly structured.\n\n[[Microknowledge]] is not identical with a set of [[Microcontent]] chunks. Just like [[Knowledge]] is by definition (see there) having the form of more complex structures, [[Microknowledge]] cannot not be seen as consisting of separate information "atoms" or self-contained micro-messages. \n\n[[Microinformation]] only becomes [[Microknowledge]] when bringing with it the momentary experience of [[immersion ]]in a wider, more structured [[knowledge space]]. This micro-knowledge space is again mirroring the structure of the Web itself ([[small pieces loosely joined]]). In fact, the Web itself is experienced as a micro-knowledge space. \n\nThis micro-knowledge space that is behind each fragment of [[Microknowledge]] is structured differently from conventional knowledge: less “deep”, less “dense”. It can not be accessed directly, only through a lot of encounters with [[Microknowledge]] fragments. \n\nThe interesting and challenging problem is the relation between complex knowledge structures and the microcontent that is derived from these structures (e.g. as granular and distributed content in a [[Web 2.0 context)] and again leading to the build-up of such structures (in the mind of the user).

(1) … is a term used in the e-learning context for a learner’s short interaction with a learning matter broken down to very small bits of content. At present this term is not clearly defined. Learning processes that have been called “microlearning” can cover a span from some seconds (e.g. in mobile learning) to 15 minutes (learning objects sent as e-mails). There is some relation to older concepts like [[Microteaching]]. Of course the notion of microlearning rises the question of adequate [[Micropedagogy]] and [[Microdidactics]], as well as the problem of [[learning]] itself.\n\n(2) … in a wider sense is a term that can be used to describe the way more and more people are actually doing [[informal learning]] and gaining knowledge in [[Microcontent]] and [[Micromedia]]/[[Multitasking]] environments (see [[Microcosmos]]), especially those that become increasingly based on [[Web 2.0]] and [[Wireless Web]] technologies. In this wider sense the borders between [[Microlearning]] and the complementary concept of [[Microknowledge]] are blurring.\n\n(3) … is, as [[Integrated Microlearning]] (iML), a new didactical concept developed by the RSA Studio eLearning Environments, based on a plain & simple, patent-pending technology (KnowledgePulse) that can be run on all web-based platforms and devices, especially including web-enabled phones.\n\nThis short definition (v 1.0) has been proposed on 2005/09/12. [[Contribute!]] For more elaborate discussion of the key term see [[Microlearning discussion]], for some links go to [[Microlearning links]]. The [[Microlearning2005 | MicroConf_2005.html]] Conference was the first attempt to discuss phenomena, practices and theoretical concepts under this perspectice.

...digital media delivering microcontent to the user.\n\nreason: technical and/or physical restraints (screen resolution, screen size), cultural factors (e-mails are short) ... \n\n"Media technologies seem typically to move in one direction: toward 'more.' ... [But] While some media forms get richer, others stay purposefully 'poorer.' A more minimalist kind of media, characterized by low resolution,low fidelity, and slow speeds, is born. I call it micro-media."\n\n“And as computing, digital media, and Internet platforms move away from bulky desktop systems toward a multitude of small, hand-held devices – electronic organizers such as Palm Pilot and Pocket PC, Net-enabled cell phones, MP3 players, Gameboy players, and other appliances – micro-media is quickly becoming more and more widespread.”\n\nLev Manovich, [[Macromedia and Micro-media (summer 2000) | http://www.manovich.net/DOCS/macro_micro.doc]] (link 050707)

These options for customising TiddlyWiki are saved in your browser\n\n<<option chkSaveBackups>> SaveBackups\n<<option chkAutoSave>> AutoSave\n<<option chkGenerateAnRssFeed>> GenerateAnRssFeed\n<<option chkRegExpSearch>> RegExpSearch\n<<option chkCaseSensitiveSearch>> CaseSensitiveSearch\n<<option chkAnimate>> EnableAnimations\n\nSee AdvancedOptions\n\nYour username for signing your edits. Write it as a WikiWord (eg JoeBloggs)\n\n<<option txtUserName>>\n\n[[TiddlyWiki is published by Jeremy Ruston at Osmosoft under a BSD open source license.|http://www.tiddlywiki.com/]]\n[[TiddlyTagWiki is a modification by Jonny LeRoy of ThoughtWorks under the same license terms.|http://www.digitaldimsum.co.uk/]]\n[[TiddlyTagStyle is an adaptation by Clint Checketts under the same license.|http://15black.bluedepot.com/tiddlytagtiddlywiki.html]]\n

<<tabs txtSideBarTab\n"All Tags" "All tags" TabTags\nUntagged "Untagged tiddlers" TabMoreUntagged>>\n!!!Options\n<<closeAll>>\n<<permaview>>\n<<saveChanges>>\n<<slider chkSliderOptionsPanel OptionsPanel options "Change TiddlyWiki advanced options">>

You can SaveChanges if you're using FireFox, InternetExplorer or [[Safari]]\n# if you're using InternetExplorer on Windows XP you might run into ServicePack2Problems\n# right click on [[this link|MicroWiki.html]] and select 'Save link as...' or 'Save target as...'\n** do ''not'' try to use the File/Save command in your browser because of SaveUnpredictabilities.\n** choose where to save the file, and what to call it (but keep the .HTML extension)\n# open the newly downloaded file in your browser\n# click the 'options' button on the right to set your username\n# edit, create and delete the tiddlers you want\n** you can change the SpecialTiddlers to change the SiteTitle and MainMenu etc.\n# click the 'save changes' button on the right to save your changes\n# TiddlyWiki will make a backup copy of the existing file, and then replace it with the new version.\n# To work on, open the file again with the browser-menu on top left. \n# Go to http://www.tiddlywiki.com for information and documentation.

<<tabs txtMainTab\nTimeline Timeline TabTimeline\nAll "All tiddlers" TabMoreAll\n? "Missing tiddlers" TabMoreMissing\n! "Orphaned tiddlers" TabMoreOrphans\n>>

A WikiWeb of definitions & thoughts on Microlearning, Microknowledge and related subjects

Micro TiddlyWiki

http://www.tiddlywiki.com/

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a.button:hover {\n color: #fff;\n background: #a5090d;\n border: 1px outset #a5090d;\n}\n\n.toolbar a.button:active {\n color: #fff;\n background: #a5090d;\n border: 1px inset #a5090d;\n}\n\n.tagLinks {\n padding-top: 5px;\n margin-top: 10px;\n border-top: 1px dotted #ccc;\n color: #aaa;\n}\n\n.tagLinks a {\n color: #aaa;\n}\n\n.selectedTiddler .tagLinks a {\n color: #0063dc;\n}\n\n.tagLinks a:hover {\n color: #a5090d;\n}\n\n\n#contentWrapper .viewer {\n line-height: 140%;\n color: #666;\n}\n\n#contentWrapper .viewer a{\n font-weight: bold;\n color: #666;\n text-decoration: none;\n background-color: transparent;\n}\n\n#contentWrapper .viewer h1, #contentWrapper .viewer h2, #contentWrapper .viewer h3, #contentWrapper .viewer h4, #contentWrapper .viewer h5, #contentWrapper .viewer h6{\n background-color: transparent;\n border-bottom: 1px dotted #666;\n margin-bottom: .25em;\n}\n\n.viewer blockquote {\n border-left: 3px solid #777;\n margin: 5px;\n padding: 5px;\n}\n\n.viewer ul {\n padding-left: 30px;\n}\n\n.viewer ol {\n padding-left: 30px;\n}\n\nol\n{\n list-style-type: decimal;\n}\n\nol ol\n{\n list-style-type: lower-alpha;\n}\n\nol ol ol\n{\n list-style-type: lower-roman;\n}\n\n.viewer ul, .viewer ol, .viewer p {\n margin: 5px 0 12px 0;\n}\n\n.viewer li {\n margin: 3px 0;\n}\n\n.viewer pre{\n font-family: monspace;\n}\n\nh2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {\n font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n#contentWrapper .viewer *{\n color: #666;\n}\n\n\n.viewer h2 {\n font-size: 1.2em;\n}\n\n.viewer h3 {\n font-size: 1.1em;\n font-style: italic;\n}\n\n.viewer h4 {\n font-size: 1em;\n}\n\n.viewer h5 {\n font-size: .9em;\n font-style: italic;\n}\n\n.viewer h6 {\n font-size: .8em;\n}\n\n.viewer table {\n border-collapse: collapse;\n border: 2px solid #303030;\n font-size: 11px;\n margin: 10px 0;\n}\n\n.viewer th {\n background: #eee;\n border: 1px solid #aaa;\n padding: 3px;\n}\n\n.viewer td {\n border: 1px solid #aaa;\n padding: 3px;\n}\n\n.viewer caption {\n padding: 3px;\n}\n\n.viewer hr {\n border: none;\n border-top: dotted 1px #777;\n height: 1px;\n color: #fff;\n margin: 7px 0;\n}\n\n.body {\n margin: 5px 0 0px 0;\n padding: 5px 0;\n/* border-top: 1px dotted #ccc;*/\n}\n\n.highlight {\n color: #000;\n background: #ffe72f;\n}\n\n.editor {\n font-size: 8pt;\n color: #402c74;\n font-weight: normal;\n padding: 10px 0;\n}\n\n.editor input, .editor textarea {\n display: block;\n font: 13px/130% "Andale Mono", "Monaco", "Lucida Console", "Courier New", monospace;\n margin: 0 0 10px 0;\n border: 1px inset #333;\n padding: 2px 0;\n}\n\n.editor textarea {\n height: 500px;\n}\n\n.footer a.button,.editorFooter a.button{\n color: #e6e6e6;\n}\n\n.selectedTiddler .footer a.button,\n.selectedTiddler .editorFooter a.button{\n color: #0063dc;\n}\n\n.selectedTiddler .footer a.button:hover,\n.selectedTiddler .editorFooter a.button:hover{\n color: #a5090d;\n background-color: transparent;\n}\n\ninput:focus, textarea:focus {\n background: #ffe;\n border: 1px solid #000 !important;\n}\n\n#storeArea, #copyright {\n display: none;\n}\n\n.zoomer {\n border: 1px solid #0063dc;\n color: #9cf;\n width: 1px;\n}\n\n\n/*\n

<<list untagged>>

TiddlyTagStyle for TiddlyWiki 1.2.25 was released July 15 2005. \n\n''I did not design this beautiful layout!''\n\nI copied this directly from Jonny ~LeRoy's [[TiddlyTagWiki|http://www.digitaldimsum.co.uk/]]. I only threw this css together to solve two things:\n*The [[TiddlyTagWiki|http://www.digitaldimsum.co.uk/]] hasn't been updated for TW 1.2.25\n*The [[TiddlyTagWiki|http://www.digitaldimsum.co.uk/]] didn't work in the StyleSheet tiddler.\n\nEnjoy!\n\n!How to use this style (to exactly mimic [[TiddlyTagWiki|http://www.digitaldimsum.co.uk/]])\n#Open the StyleSheet tiddler and copy it then paste it in a tiddler called 'StyleSheet' in you own TiddlyWiki.\n#Copy the OptionsSideBar tiddler and add the line \n{{{\n<<tiddler optionsSidebar>>\n}}}\nto the end of the MainMenu tiddler.\n#Create/replace the SideBarTabs tiddler and put in\n{{{\n<<tabs txtMainTab\nTimeline Timeline TabTimeline\nAll "All tiddlers" TabMoreAll\n? "Missing tiddlers" TabMoreMissing\n! "Orphaned tiddlers" TabMoreOrphans\n>>\n}}}\n\n!How to use this style (to mimic the [[TiddlyTagWiki|http://www.digitaldimsum.co.uk/]] colorscheme)\nComing soon... This should be a pieace of cake. I'll get around to this later/or when someone specifically requests it.\n\n\n!Download\nIf you want just download this TiddlyWiki (its just the 1.2.25 with the StyleSheet, MainMenu, and SideBarTabs tiddlers already in place), right click on [[this link|http://15black.bluedepot.com/flickrtiddlywiki.html]] and select 'Save link as...' or 'Save target as...'. You can choose where to save the file, and what to call it (but keep the .HTML extension). [[Upgrading|http://tiddlywiki.com/#HowToUpgrade]] won't work with this download.\n\nby [[Clint Checketts]]

A TiddlyWiki is a piece of client-side [[Microcontent]]-based Open Source Software written by Jeremy Ruston (http://www.tiddlywiki.com). Actually it's a single HTML file with javascript and CSS packed into it. Like a wiki it can be updated on-the-fly, but in this case this is not possible online, but requires downloading the software to the hard disk first (see [[Save Changes]]). \n\nLike a Blog it's divided up into neat little chunks (called "tiddlers"), but it creates a different reading experience, because the entries are not listed seqentially but in the sequence in which they are opened by the user. \n\nOpen an entry/tiddler by clicking on the bold links. Close an entry/tiddler by hovering with the mouse over it and the clicking on "close". So you can create and permanently rearrange your own personalized screen text. \n\nRuston thinks that TiddlyWiki represents a novel medium for writing, and will promote its own distinctive WritingStyle. MicroWiki is based the Third Version of TiddlyWiki,along with the TiddlyWiki flickr stylesheet by ClintChecketts.

config.macros.list["untagged"] = {prompt: "Tiddlers that are not tagged"};\n\nconfig.macros.list.untagged.handler = function(params)\n{\n//displayMessage("Building list of untagged tiddlers");\n var results = [];\n for(var t in store.tiddlers) {\n var tiddler = store.tiddlers[t];\n if(tiddler.getTags() == "")\n results.push(t);\n }\n results.sort();\n return results;\n}

"Web 2.0" is a buzzword coined in 2004 to characterize a bunch of new applications and practices emerging in the web that are based on [[Microcontent]]: small chunks of self-containing, individually addressable and in in different contexts reusable data. \n\nBelonging to the Web 2.0-context are [[Blogs]], [[Wikis]], all sites using [[RSS feeds]], collaborative "remix"-sites like [[Flickr]] or [[del.icio.us]], new dynamic [[web applications]] like GoogleMaps or GoogleMail and many more others (the number is growing explosively). This has far reaching technological, economical, social and cultural implications.\n\nThe definition and analysis of "Web 2.0" is currently (10/2005) broadly discussed. \nSee the Wikipedia entry for a reliable staring point, or go to the site of O'Reilly's annual "Web 2.0 Conference". Within this MicroWiki you will find more hints at [[Web 2.0 definition]] and at [[web 2.0 discussion]].

This tiddler is just for demonstration of [[bold links]].

to be written:\n(short working definition for "learning")\n(short recollection of problems)\n(link to [[learning theory]])

to be written\n(in general)\n(specific: for the Digital Age)\n(basic approaches)